In our study of 1 Corinthians chapter fifteen, we are reminded of the fact that the resurrection of Jesus Christ is the basis for any hope that we have.
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Now, brothers, I must remind you of the Good News which I proclaimed to you, and which you received, and on which you have taken your stand,
Now, Paul begins to address the false teachings that were influencing the church concerning Jesus' resurrection. At this time, there were three main philosophies concerning life after death. Stoicism said that the soul merged into deity at death (we all just become a part of a god). The epicurean philosophy held that there was no existence beyond this world and so one should get and enjoy all that this world has to offer. Platonism taught that the soul was immortal and that it just migrated to another being at death. All three of them denied the resurrection of the body which, as we shall see, is the heart of the gospel.
and by which you are being saved - provided you keep holding fast to the message I proclaimed to you. For if you don't, your trust will have been in vain.
He reminds them that there is only one way to be saved and that is through Jesus Christ.
For among the first things I passed on to you was what I also received, namely this: the Messiah died for our sins, in accordance with what the Tanakh says; and he was buried; and he was raised on the third day, in accordance with what the Tanakh says; and he was seen by Kefa, then by the Twelve; and afterwards he was seen by more than five hundred brothers at one time, the majority of whom are still alive, though some have died. Later he was seen by Ya'akov, then by all the emissaries; and last of all he was seen by me, even though I was born at the wrong time.
The gospel (Good News) comes down to some pretty simple facts as Paul presents them here. Jesus died as payment for our sins, was buried as proof, and was raised again just as He said it would happen. The Scriptures that Paul refers to were the Old Testament scrolls of which Paul was intimately familiar. He points out the fact that those Scriptures had told the people what God was going to do through His Son. He also gives a list of witnesses to the fact that Jesus had been raised from the dead. Although the legal standard for something to be considered truth was only two, Paul gives us a list of over five hundred people and includes himself among them. It is interesting to note that the first person on the list is Cephas (Peter). We are reminded of the fact that Jesus had told him that "on this rock I will build my church" (Matthew 16:18). What did Jesus mean? He was talking about the fact that Peter would be the first to see Him resurrected and be able to share his testimony to that fact. In effect, Jesus was saying that His church would be built on the testimonies of those who saw Him after He was physically raised from the dead. We also see that it is this testimony that helps us to overcome the schemes of the devil (see Revelation 12).
For I am the least of all the emissaries, unfit to be called an emissary, because I persecuted the Messianic Community of God. But by God's grace I am what I am, and his grace towards me was not in vain; on the contrary, I have worked harder than all of them, although it was not I but the grace of God with me.
Paul continues by humbly explaining the fact that he didn't consider himself to be worthy of the title of an apostle or even salvation through Jesus Christ. But, because God selected and empowered him, he was able to serve the Lord and become the greatest evangelist the world has ever seen.
Anyhow, whether I or they, this is what we proclaim, and this is what you believed.
Paul reminds them that there is only one gospel and that the same message was shared by all of the apostles. In our world today, it seems like many pastors and teachers are looking for a clever message. As we see here, the simple gospel that was preached by the apostles is what is needed.
But if it has been proclaimed that the Messiah has been raised from the dead, how is it that some of you are saying there is no such thing as a resurrection of the dead?
Paul asks a simple question in hopes of getting the people to see the fact that you cannot take a part of the gospel and the philosophy of the day and combine them. The same type of thing is happening in our world today as many want to accept the fact that Jesus was a prophet but they deny that He was and is the Son of God.
If there is no resurrection of the dead, then the Messiah has not been raised; and if the Messiah has not been raised, then what we have proclaimed is in vain; also your trust is in vain;
Paul goes on to explain that you cannot have it both ways. Either the resurrection of man from the dead happens as in the case of Jesus or it does not happen at all. If you do not believe in the resurrection, then, nothing else matters. If Jesus had lied about His resurrection, then, you could not believe anything He had said.
furthermore, we are shown up as false witnesses for God in having testified that God raised up the Messiah, whom he did not raise if it is true that the dead are not raised.
The penalty for being a false witness about God, was death and so Paul makes it clear how much he believes in the resurrection.
For if the dead are not raised, then the Messiah has not been raised either; and if the Messiah has not been raised, your trust is useless, and you are still in your sins.
Paul reminds the people that Jesus was crucified for our sins as the perfect sacrifice. The perfect sacrifice could not be a liar and Jesus had said that He would be raised from the dead. Therefore, if He had not been raised from the dead, it would be a sign of the rejection of the offering. Without His offering, there was no payment for our sins and so man would still be "in your sins".
Also, if this is the case, those who died in union with the Messiah are lost. If it is only for this life that we have put our hope in the Messiah, we are more pitiable than anyone.
Have you ever been in a situation where you know someone is being deceived by another person and yet they will not listen to the truth? At that point, we feel sorry for them and that is what Paul describes here. The epicureans of Corinth were wallowing in their sin and loving it because they did not believe in an afterlife. If Christians (who did not take part in those parties) were wrong and died without an afterlife, then, they had just missed out on all that the world had offered.
But the fact is that the Messiah has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have died.
Paul moves on by simply stating the fact that Jesus was raised from the dead. He knew that because he had seen Him and talked with Him. The term "firstfruits" or "bikkurim" in Hebrew literally means "promise to come". As part of the Law that was given to Moses, the best of the land was to be brought to God during the three annual feasts. During their time in the wilderness, this offering was brought to God in faith that He was going to keep His promise to bring them to the land that he had promised. After they were living in the land, it was brought in thanks for what God had done in keeping His promise. These offerings were only the first part of the harvest that was standing in the fields. The same principle applies with the resurrection of Christ as it is our "promise to come". He is the first and the best of what has already been provided by God.
For since death came through a man, also the resurrection of the dead has come through a man. For just as in connection with Adam all die, so in connection with the Messiah all will be made alive.
Paul reminds the believers of the fact that death is a result of the sin of Adam & Eve. All humans have the sin nature because we are all relatives of Adam & Eve. The final effect of sin is death and so all of our flesh will die at some point. Likewise, all will be made alive because of the fact that Jesus Christ defeated death when He was resurrected by the power of God. It is important to note that ALL people will be resurrected from the dead and not just those who have accepted Jesus Christ. There are many people that want to believe that the life we live now is all that there is but that is a lie from the devil.
But each in his own order: the Messiah is the firstfruits; then those who belong to the Messiah, at the time of his coming;
As they say, "timing is everything" and Paul makes it clear that we will have our new bodies at the proper time. That proper time is when the Father sends Jesus back to get us and take us to be with Him. The final resurrection is for those that have died in their sin by rejecting the grace of God through Jesus Christ.
then the culmination, when he hands over the Kingdom to God the Father, after having put an end to every rulership, yes, to every authority and power. For he has to rule until he puts all his enemies under his feet. The last enemy to be done away with will be death,
Paul continues to speak about timing as he describes the time for Jesus' return. The phrase "has put everything under his feet" is a partial quote from Psalm 8. There, King David was worshiping God as he remembered the fact that the Creator of all things put man in charge of His creation. Man's pride has made many think that we are always going to be in control but judgment is coming when it will be made known that Jesus is Lord over all creation. Once that is established, Jesus will hand control back to the Father.
for "He put everything in subjection under his feet."m But when it says that "everything" has been subjected, obviously the word does not include God, who is himself the one subjecting everything to the Messiah. Now when everything has been subjected to the Son, then he will subject himself to God, who subjected everything to him; so that God may be everything in everyone.
Paul reminds us that God (the Father) is the ultimate authority and Jesus does His will. After Jesus (the King of Kings) has established the kingdom, it will be presented to the Father.
Were it otherwise, what would the people accomplish who are immersed on behalf of the dead? If the dead are not actually raised, why are people immersed for them?
It seems that there were some in the church who had fallen back into legalism. They thought that it was essential to be baptized in water to go to heaven and so made a way for the dead to sorta have a second chance. We notice that Paul did not condone this activity as he said "those" referring to the people that were doing it. He was simply making a point that even they believed in the resurrection or they would not have done this ritual.
For that matter, we ourselves - why do we keep facing danger hour by hour? Brothers, by the right to be proud which the Messiah Yeshua our Lord gives me, I solemnly tell you that I die every day. If my fighting with "wild beasts" in Ephesus was done merely on a human basis, what do I gain by it? If dead people are not raised, we might as well live by the saying, "Let's eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!"
Paul now turns to the persecution that he and the church faced. The resurrection is the heart of the gospel and he asks why anyone would endure for a lie. Without the resurrection, then, you might as well go along with the Epicureans and live it up here on the earth instead of endure the persecution for your faith.
Don't be fooled. "Bad company ruins good character." Come to your senses! Live righteously and stop sinning! There are some people who lack knowledge of God - I say this to your shame.
Paul quotes from a Greek comedy by the poet Menander which the Corinthians would have been familiar with. Basically, he says that, if they continue to hang with those who are denying the resurrection, they will be lead astray. He goes on to say that they do not know God and so it is expected for them to act that way but, as Christians, the believers knew better.
But someone will ask, "In what manner are the dead raised? What sort of body do they have?" Stupid! When you sow a seed, it doesn't come alive unless it first dies.
Now, Paul shifts the focus from the truth that the resurrection happens to what it looks like. He begins to explain by using the example of planting crops which was something that everyone back then could understand. He reminds them of the fact that, in order to have a crop, a seed must be buried in the ground.
Also, what you sow is not the body that will be, but a bare seed of, say, wheat or something else; but God gives it the body he intended for it; and to each kind of seed he gives its own body.
Paul continues to use the example of farming to explain about the resurrection body. He explains that it is just as a seed that produces a plant but the plant does not look like the seed. We do not know how or why the seed produces the type of plant that it does.
Not all living matter is the same living matter; on the contrary, there is one kind for human beings, another kind of living matter for animals, another for birds and another for fish.
As we see in the natural world, God created several kinds of flesh. Although many scientists try to prove that we all evolved out of some slime, one cannot look at the diversity of life and accept that kind of nonsense. All life on this planet testifies to the fact that there is a Creator.
Further, there are heavenly bodies and earthly bodies; but the beauty of heavenly bodies is one thing, while the beauty of earthly bodies is something else. The sun has one kind of beauty, the moon another, the stars yet another; indeed, each star has its own individual kind of beauty.
Paul goes on to explain that, just like stars and planets are different from each other, we will each have a unique resurrection body. It is comforting to know that we will all still remain unique in heaven.
So it is with the resurrection of the dead. When the body is "sown," it decays; when it is raised, it cannot decay. When sown, it is without dignity; when raised, it will be beautiful. When sown, it is weak; when raised, it will be strong. When sown, it is an ordinary human body; when raised, it will be a body controlled by the Spirit. If there is an ordinary human body, there is also a body controlled by the Spirit.
He goes on to explain that, not only will we each get a unique new body. Our human bodies are amazing in the way that they operate but they are nothing compared to our spiritual bodies that will last forever. One of the problems in our world today is the fact that people worry too much about trying to make our earthly bodies last forever. We are reminded that, no matter what you do, all of these earthly bodies will one day be corpses left behind.
In fact, the Tanakh says so: Adam, the first man, became a living human being;o but the last "Adam" has become a life-giving Spirit. Note, however, that the body from the Spirit did not come first, but the ordinary human one; the one from the Spirit comes afterwards.
Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that the physical body came first through Adam as he quotes from Genesis 2. All people on the earth began through God's creation of Adam and Eve but this was only physical. Eternal life came through the last Adam (Jesus Christ) who gave us the Spirit.
The first man is from the earth, made of dust; the second man is from heaven.
We are reminded that Adam was created from the dust of the earth while Jesus Christ was sent down from heaven by His Father. It seems like we spend a lot of time and efforts on preserving this earthly body but the simple fact is that it was created out of dust and will return to dust. We are to keep our minds focused on the things that will last such as our spiritual health.
People born of dust are like the man of dust, and people born from heaven are like the man from heaven; and just as we have borne the image of the man of dust, so also we will bear the image of the man from heaven.
Although there are variations in the size, features, etc of people, we all have many characteristics that are common. These characteristics have been passed down to us from their beginning in Adam and so we resemble Adam while we are in this earthly body. It does not matter what we do to maintain this body, it will wear out and and return to the dust. When it does, we will get our new body that will resemble that of Jesus Christ.
Let me say this, brothers: flesh and blood cannot share in the Kingdom of God, nor can something that decays share in what does not decay.
Even the most fit and beautiful earthly body is not good enough to get into heaven. Why? The simple answer is that these earthly bodies still have the sin nature in them due to the fact that they descend from the earthly Adam. There are those who use this verse to say that we are not going to have a body in heaven but that is not what Paul is saying. He is just saying that it will be a new and different kind of body without the sin nature and its effects.
Look, I will tell you a secret - not all of us will die! But we will all be changed! It will take but a moment, the blink of an eye, at the final shofar. For the shofar will sound, nd the dead will be raised to live forever, and we too will be changed.
The mystery that Paul speaks of is commonly called "the rapture" or the time when Jesus comes back to gather His people. As we see, we are not all going to die and be buried in the ground. If you are in Christ and He returns while you are still alive, you do not die but you are changed into your spiritual body to be like Him.
For this material which can decay must be clothed with imperishability, this which is mortal must be clothed with immortality.
These earthly bodies will not enter heaven and so everyone must be changed. It is like putting on new clothes for a special event but these new clothes will last forever.
When what decays puts on imperishability and what is mortal puts on immortality, then this passage in the Tanakh will be fulfilled: "Death is swallowed up in victory. "Death, where is your victory? Death, where is your sting?"
With the return of Christ and these new bodies, there will be no more death. The victory has been won through the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
The sting of death is sin; and sin draws its power from the Torah;
The cause of death for our earthly bodies is sin and sin gets its power to cause death through our inability to keep the law of God. Without the law, there would have been no basis for fair judgment of disobedience (sin).
but thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Yeshua the Messiah!
We did not have the ability to keep the law perfectly but Jesus did on our behalf. He not only did that but He also paid the penalty for our sins and so we have overcome death and moved to eternal life.
So, my dear brothers, stand firm and immovable, always doing the Lord's work as vigorously as you can, knowing that united with the Lord your efforts are not in vain.
Paul concludes his teaching on the resurrection body by urging the believers to hold fast to what they know. He also urges them to put their faith into action by serving the Lord.
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