Historical Background
Joshua Chapter 1 opens at one of the greatest transition points in the Bible. Moses, who had led Israel out of Egypt, received the Torah at Mount Sinai, and guided the nation for forty years in the wilderness, has died. The generation that left Egypt had largely passed away because of their unbelief (Numbers 14), and a new generation now stood on the eastern side of the Jordan River ready to enter the Promised Land.
Joshua had served as Moses’ assistant for many years. He witnessed the plagues in Egypt, crossed the Red Sea, climbed partway up Mount Sinai with Moses, and was one of only two spies who trusted God’s promise that Israel could conquer Canaan. Because of his faithfulness, God chose him to lead Israel into the land promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
The book begins at the Plains of Moab, just east of the Jordan River. From there, Israel could look across the river toward Jericho, the first fortified city they would encounter. The conquest of Canaan would not simply be a military campaign but the fulfillment of God’s covenant promises made centuries earlier.